Conducted emissions refer to the unintentional electromagnetic signals that are transmitted through conductors, such as wires, cables, or PCB traces, as a result of the operation of an electronic device. These emissions occur when electronic equipment generates electrical noise or interference that can propagate through connected conductive paths. Conducted emissions can occur across a broad frequency range, typically from a few kilohertz to several gigahertz, depending on the characteristics of the device and its operation.

Conducted emissions are regulated by various electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards and regulations to ensure that electronic devices do not cause harmful interference to other equipment or systems. Manufacturers often conduct conducted emissions testing during the development and certification of electronic products to ensure compliance with these standards.

To mitigate conducted emissions, designers employ various techniques such as filtering, shielding, grounding, and careful layout and routing of circuit traces. These measures help to reduce the unintentional transmission of electromagnetic interference (EMI) through conductive paths, thereby improving the overall electromagnetic compatibility of the device and preventing interference with other electronic equipment.

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Conducted emissions can result from various sources within electronic devices, including switching operations of power supplies, digital signal transitions in microprocessors or integrated circuits, electromagnetic coupling between adjacent conductors, and resonance phenomena in cables or PCB traces. These emissions occur when electrical noise generated by these processes propagates through connected conductive paths such as power cables, signal lines, or chassis ground.

Mitigating conducted emissions is essential to ensure electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between electronic devices and systems. Uncontrolled emissions can interfere with the operation of other nearby electronic equipment, leading to malfunctions, data corruption, or even safety hazards. Compliance with EMC regulations and standards is necessary for market access, as non-compliant devices may be subject to regulatory penalties, recalls, or limitations on sale.

Designers employ several strategies to reduce conducted emissions in electronic devices. These include incorporating EMI filters to attenuate noise on power and signal lines, using shielded cables or enclosures to contain electromagnetic radiation, optimizing grounding and layout to minimize loop areas and impedance, and implementing low-noise design practices such as proper decoupling and signal integrity techniques. Additionally, compliance testing and verification during product development help identify and address potential sources of emissions early in the design process.

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